How to lose weight Essay

How to lose weight Girls are dreaming about losing weight all the tlme. They want to be thinner and thinner and thinner. So today,l’m going to talk about losing weight-There are some points of losing weight that you may be Interested In. You may have tried many ways to lose welght,and today I prepare three of the most Important tips about It. First ,you must choose a low carbohydrate diet-Low carb is the most effective way to lose weight. lf you only eat less to lose weight,you will give up soon because of the terrible eeling of hunger. Sugar and starch may increase your hunger, avoiding it may decrease your appetite to an adequate level. A low carb diet reduces your hunger and makes you â€Å"want to† eat less but not â€Å"have to†. A 2012 study also showed that people on a low carb diet burned 300 more calories a day – while resting! Another that I want to share with you is to measure your progress wisely. Focusing only on weight and standing on the scale every day might be misleading, cause unnecessary nxiety and undermine your motivation for no good reason. suggest measuring your waist circumference and weight before starting and then perhaps once a week or once a month. Write the results down so that you can track your progress. If you can, try to check other Important health markers when starting out, like these:Blood pressure,Blood sugar,Cholesterol profile. They’ll usually show that you’re not just losing weight, you’re gaining health too. The last important thing y ou must pay attetion to is that exercising smart. Studies show that if you just start exercising, you’re going to need at least one hour of tough workouts every single day to noticeably lose weight. It’s not a good idea to eat bad food, drink sugar water or be on medications which force you to train for hours daily Just to compensate. You must be more clear now,right? So are you still Jealous of ohthers’ great shape but doing nothing? Dont wait any more,you need to take action Immediately. Follow my tips and you’ll make lt. Wlsh you all have a dream body! That’s all,thankyou.

Health Care Communications Methods Essay

Health Care Communications Methods In the health care industry there are several different ways to communicate. We must communicate with the doctors, nurses, care givers, patients and their family, guardian or representative. There are formal and informal ways of communication, as well as verbal and nonverbal ways to communicate. There are advantages and disadvantages to all of these communication choices, and HIPAA of 1996 regulates all of the information and the degree of how it is communicated and to whom it is communicated. There are several different types of communication methods that can be used when transferring information. There is verbal and nonverbal communication. Verbal communication would include things like speaking face to face, or when you are using the telephone, which is another great way to use verbal communication. Some other types of verbal communications would be the telemedicine; this is the clinics adoption of things like voice mail. According to a study done by NIH 50% of communication done in a clinical setting is done face to face while the other 25% is done through email and 25% is done through voice mail. (Tang, 1996). While according to another study 50% of all communications done in a hospital setting is done face to face with the patient themselves (Touissant, 2005). When you are communicating using nonverbal communication, would be when you are communicating through sign language, eye contact, body language, hand written communication, emails, fax’s and text messaging. With these types of communication there is always room for potential errors to occur, due to typing errors, spelling mistakes and grammatical errors â€Å"If information is the lifeblood of healthcare then communications system is the heart that pumps it† (Lang, 1978). The communication process is made up of the people sending and receiving the message. The communication channel is quote the pipe that the message travels on. As the administrator of a small local nursing home I have just received information that a large national group is purchasing our small establishment. This is going to pose several challenges because many of my patients either have trouble communicating, either because of health reasons or the fact they cannot understand, I have a lady that does not speak a bit of English, and she is deaf. This poses a big problem because I will need to get a Spanish speaking person that knows  how to use sign language in Spanish. For my patients that do not have any family in the local area I will have to send out written notification to their family members last known address and request the mail to be forwarded. I will try to use any email addresses that the family or guardians have left for us to use in case of an emergency. It is a possibility to use social media like face book and twitter to put out a message regarding the nursing home being sold and the patients being displaced but there is only a limited amount of information we can put on the interned due to the HIPAA and the protected medical health records (duPre, 2005). The information used in the social media sites must be general in nature only, no names or personal information can be released or that would be a violation of the HIPAA privacy act which would come with sanctions and fines that the nursing home cannot aff ord, especially now, the last thing we need is negative publicity. With all communication there are advantages and disadvantages, some of the advantages of using social media like face book and twitter would be the fact that you can reach hundreds, thousands even millions of people with only one post on the social media sites. Some of the disadvantages of using social media sites are the restrictions and lack of detail we are able to use when referencing the patients. Some of the family members have not seen their family in several years and it is possible without a name they may not even know that the message would or could pertain to them or their family because it has been so long since they have had any contact with them. In conclusion there are many different ways to communicate in the health care industry, there are verbal and nonverbal communications, and there are formal and informal ways of communication. We can communicate face to face, over the phone, via email, voice mail, face book and twitter. The HIPAA privacy act of 1996 protects and regulates the way we disclose the protected medical information about our patients. When communicating information over the internet through face book, twitter and other social media sites there are specific protocol that must be followed on order to protect the privacy of our patients protected medical records. References Tang, P.C.,(1996) Clinical information activities in diverse ambulatory care practices. Falls Surp. PubMed . Touissant, P.J. (2005). Supporting communications in health care. Boston, PubMed. duPre, A. (2005). Communicating about health care. Current issues and perspectives (2nd ed.). Boston, McGraw Hill. Hicks, N.J. & Nicols, C.M. (2012). Health industry communication. New media, new method, new message, Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning

Should Stonecipher have been forced to resign Essay

Should Stonecipher have been forced to resign - Essay Example Stonecipher himself told employees that any senior executive found violating the rules would be punished. Seemingly, the system works. Only his removal from the post would satisfy the principles he himself had created, as Stonecipher admitted in an interview, 'We set - hell, I set - a higher standard here. I violated my own standards. I used poor judgment.' (---------, 2005) It's a bizarre story under the circumstances. Was Boeing's CEO really ready to live up to the standards he was setting for his organization According to reports, the exact details of where his behavior violated the code of conduct are not publicly known. But as the architect of the initiative, he was as susceptible as anyone to its repercussions. Meanwhile, the PR industry has been under attack for allegedly unethical or ambiguous practices, particularly relating to a significant client base of its own - the US government, as well as local governments. If Boeing was trying to send a clear signal about ethics when it ousted CEO Harry Stonecipher, it failed. Though Boeing insists he wasn't axed for adultery, a lot of think the company was out to pin the scarlet letter on Harry before shipping him off to face his wife of 50 years. "It is all very clear and very simple," wrote Tom Simmerman, a Boeing worker in Fullerton, Calif. "How can a CEO ask his employees to show loyalty to the cause when he is unable to demonstrate loyalty to his own wife and family" (Litterick, 2005) Dozens of readers agreed -- with some detouring to question about his marriage and accuse him of "moral relativism." But is it so outrageous to suggest that the rules of Harry Stonecipher's marriage are between Mr. and Mrs. Stonecipher, and no concern of The Boeing Co Stonecipher had come out of retirement at the end of 2003 to replace Phil Condit when he resigned as chairman and chief executive. That was the first time Boeing's leader had not come from within the Boeing heritage part of the company. (Wallace, Pd. 1) On top of all this, the investigation determined the relationship was consensual and had no effect on the company's business. The investigation also determined that neither the career nor the compensation of the female executive was influenced by the relationship. I don't believe Stonecipher should have been forced to resign. A voluntarily handed over resignation is still understandable, but the breach of policy applies to all and applies equally. If lower staff can be given a second chance then the CEO can certainly be given another chance as well. Works Cited Wallace, James. BOEING: LOOKING FOR A REAL OUTSIDER (Business).Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Seattle, WA)(May 25, 2005):pD1. Litterick, David. Watch for the puff of white smoke from the Boeing boardroom.(City).Daily Telegraph (London, England)(April 16, 2005):pNA.FromCustom Newspapers ----------------. Boeing's big year.The Seattle Times (Seattle, Washington) (via Knight-Ridder/Tribune Business News)(Dec 30,

How does sports media affect society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How does sports media affect society - Essay Example For instance Woods (2007) maintains that sports is main source of revenue for the media and as such they use techniques to generate public interests and this often translated into unhealthy emotional attachment to specific sports and athletes (p. 72). B. Codes of Conduct: This section focuses on the irresponsible way that the sports press prioritizes and changes the entertainment value of sports. For example Shhultz (2005) reports that the sports media focuses far too much attention on controversy because it generates public interest (p. 27). Rather than focusing on the competitive nature of sports in a healthy way the sports media is becoming increasingly fixated on issues such as athlete’s who have ongoing morality issues such as the Tiger Woods sex scandal. C. Perceptions and Stereotyping in the Sports Media: This part of the paper looks at issues of standards and analyses how the media contributes to society’s penchant for cultural stereotyping. For instance the portray of female cheerleaders as sex symbols, or Latin athletes as entirely hot-tempered. (Pedersen, Miloch and Laucella 2007, p. 322). D. How Sports should be Treated by the Media: This section looks at the negative effects that sports media has on society by reference to the previous sections. This section will then go into analyzing how sports media can portray sports so as to have a more positive impact on society. For instance sports is a manifestation of a rules-based culture. It also promotes healthy eating and healthy lifestyles (Leclerc 2010, p.

Health and Happiness Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health and Happiness Democracy - Essay Example Studies from California to Michigan established that social connectedness is one of the most powerful determinants of well being. According to the study, frequent participation in community activities and social gathering reduces the risk of having diseases like cancer or heart attack. On the other hand, sociologist James House and his colleague stated that social connectedness also contributes to the biomedical risk factors such as cigarette smoking and obesity. Researchers are not sure why social cohesion affects the well-being of an individual but they proposed theories why social cohesion matters. First, social networks offer assistance thereby, reducing mental and physical stress. It reinforce healthy norms and able to organize politically to ensure first-rate medical services. Another researcher named Lisa Berkman speculated that social isolation is a chronically stressful condition to which the organism responds by aging faster.

Project 3 Information System Security Plans Research Paper

Project 3 Information System Security Plans - Research Paper Example Then, with todays rapidly changing political, economic, and importantly technical environment increasing the threat for the federal agencies, it becomes paramount for those agencies to adopt a strong security plan. In that direction, the Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed guidelines on the ways to formulate and adopt a security plan. â€Å"NIST SP 800-53 contains the management, operational, and technical safeguards or countermeasures prescribed for an information system† (Swanson, Hash & Bowen, 2006). Among the various parts of the NIST’ security plan, the focus will be on the four sections of General Description, System Environment, Laws, regulations, and policies, and finally Security Control Selection. So, when a federal agency like Department of Defense (DoD) adopts a security plan, these four sections can contribute optimally to the process and so the discussion will about why are thes e sections are important and how they can be applied in DoD. All federal agencies or systems including DoD reflect some to extreme level of sensitivity and because of that it requires protection for its physical IS system and its virtual data as part of secured and good management practice. In that direction, DoD adopted a risk-focused security plan and guidelines of NIST in 2014 after dropping its longstanding DoD Information Assurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP). DoD transitioned to NIST considering its effectiveness, in-depth focus and at the same user-friendly nature. â€Å"The NIST library of security controls (in NIST publication 800-53 Rev. 4), currently in use at most civilian agencies, are much larger and the controls more granular, yet easier to understand and implement, than DIACAP, say those familiar with both methods†

Why At-Risk Students Are in Such a Situation, Solutions Research Paper

Why At-Risk Students Are in Such a Situation, Solutions - Research Paper Example The issues expose students to severe conditions that make them terminate school, knowledge acquisition and furthering their careers. This latest trend is sending mixed signals to the world with scholars asserting that it may lead to a low supply of qualified human capital. This condition may also jeopardize innovation and creativity stalling the production of new items that meet the current technological needs of consumers. The scholars also assert that a high number of students who are not succeeding academically may expose society to high crime rates. This is because nations will generate several individuals who are not productive economically due to the lack of credible sources of income. The trend would also affect peace initiatives and general economic growth in various nations. This calls for the immediate development of a viable plan to mitigate issues that hinder students from attaining high academic achievements. These students need to receive proper career guidance and moti vation from teachers. They also need to be convinced to go to school and get valuable teachings on the benefits of education in their lives by key stakeholders in the education sector. Consequently, it is necessary to discuss challenges in the education sector while focusing on at risk. As noted by Lynn (1997), the number of students who are not successful academically is increasing. The increase is attributable to various complications that touch on social, economic, and political processes. These challenges hamper the capacity to record exemplary performance in diverse aspects. Firstly, poverty is a critical element that drives most learners away from school meaning that several students are performing dismally because they lack money to pay for their tuition expenses.

Competitive Environment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Competitive Environment - Case Study Example Most companies have faced domestic competition and done well in the limited competitive milieu that they have been operating in. But now all companies will face competition from companies all over the world. Governments will be unwilling to protect domestic companies because they have realized that they will be doing a great disservice to their economies and people by limiting competition in their countries. Most governments are going overboard in making their countries attractive destinations for foreign capital, technologies and companies. The game is clear. Only the best companies will survive (Adler et al, 1993). The nationalities of companies will not matter and country markets will become intensely competitive. There will be another type of competition which is more difficult to contend with because it comes from unexpected quarters. New technologies are pouring out of laboratories and development centers. These new technologies do not respect the boundaries of existing busines ses. They solve customers' existing and even unarticulated needs in fresh ways. Customers lap up the products and services made with these technologies because they are decidedly better than the products and services they are using. ... In that sense video-conferencing is a direct threat to air travel and hotel industries. Companies need to keep a track of development of technologies in varied areas, because there is no way to find out which one of them is going to hit them. To explain Toyota's competitive advantages, much focus has been on Toyota's Just-in-Time tools such as kanban-card paced pull systems, frequent, small batch production and delivery, and reduced inventories. For instance, Hopp and Spearman (2000) have contrasted ConWIP and kanban control of production flows. Deleersnyder et al (1989) and Lee (1989) have compared the relative efficacy of push and pull approaches for production. Customers' needs are changing because their economic status and their views about themselves and the world are changing. Customers are reinventing themselves more frequently these days and hence their whole being and their rationale of existence is changing (Cusumano, 1989). This reflects in the products and services they buy and their motivations in buying those products and services also change. They want their needs to be served differently, and in most cases by different providers. A family used to go on a holiday once in a while for a change. It essentially used to be a meaningless outing. But now a family will go on a holiday with the avowed purpose of recuperating and energizing. Certain activities have to be part of this holiday. There has to be yoga sessions, mountain climbing, bonfires, etc. The holiday planner that served the family will have to reinvent his business or there will be another provider waiting to grab his client. Companies has to keep track of its customers'

Research Methods in Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Research Methods in Criminal Justice - Essay Example ion that making the commander ultimately responsible will serve to ensure that the commander himself/herself is extremely careful as to the fact that all regulations and protocol are followed down to the smallest detail, this also has a weakening effect on the level of change that the commander is able to institute as he/she is perennially concerned with the fact that he/she might be held responsible for one of the employees in their charge (Maxfield, 2011). In the way that the text described, the commander’s efficiency in handling the daily task load he/she is responsible for would likely be decreased by the paranoia that such a policy would necessarily instill. A better manner of responsibility would include a healthy balance of the two. A situation in which the commander has to report for any wrongdoings of his/her officers concurrent with a high level of personal responsibility being instituted for the offending officer would likely be a far superior model. As such, it is the recommendation of this author that the proposed model be balanced in a way that both support ultimate responsibility of management while emphasizing traits of personal responsibility of the offending

Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Business - Research Paper Example the major scholarly concern, and employees must realize that the success of their work heavily depends on how well they recognize, understand, analyze, and apply their knowledge of orality and literacy in practice. It is essential to determine how the first language acquisition and orality set the stage for the successful transition children from preschool to school environments; to understand and evaluate the changes that occur to literacy and orality in children in school environments; the impact of literate communities on the development of orality and literacy in individuals, including children; to evaluate the impact of family and social surrounding on how children treat language (Minami, 2002). That the first language acquisition and the development of orality in children sets the stage for the subsequent development of written language is difficult to deny, and the students in this module should be able to assess and discuss the changes that occur to orality and literacy in children’s transition from home to preschool. Here, the role of family is determining and even crucial, for it is in families that cultural socialization of preschool children takes place. Thus, students must realize that as soon as the child is sent to school, the emphasis of cultural socialization shifts from family to school environments and the latter become the major sources of language development and make children reshape their experiences and language patterns (Minami, 2002). Few employees possess knowledge and skills necessary to distinguish between orality and literacy and to explain conditions necessary for literacy to develop and sustain. Obviously, â€Å"whenever human beings exist they have a language, and in every instance a language that exists basically as spoken and heard, in the world of sound† (Ong, 2002), but even the richness of gesture cannot disrupt the link between literacy and oral speech language – even sign languages used by the deaf heavily rely on

The Evaluation of Tsotsi Essay Example for Free

The Evaluation of Tsotsi Essay He is in one of the gangs there. He leaves from his parents when he is young because he has a bad father who always hits him and blames him, and his mother is suffering from a disease. He feels alone, so he goes to stay with other homeless people. He grows up with them, and lives with them in large, concrete construction pipes. He has to become independent when he is young. The most important scene in the movie is the robbery case. A cold-blooded person, Tsotsi tries to steal a rich woman’s car and money. While he is stealing her car, he discovers that there is a baby in the back seat of the car. When he hears the baby cry, he is reminded of his childhood. Out of guilt, he decides to take on the responsibility and take care of the baby. After the first time of trying, he realizes that he is not able to take care of the baby. Then, he meets Miriam, the actress Terry Pheto, who has an infant, and threatens her to feed the baby. These matters make Tsotsi to embark on his painful process. This movie has an excellent opening, ending and delivery which can draw the audience’s attention. Also, the cameramen use the high quality of skills which can strongly reflect the situation in Africa. Moreover, characters are one of the souls of the movie which the emotion toward the audience can light up a whole movie. Lastly, this movie can reflect the social problems in Africa which we need to treasure what we have. At the beginning of the movie, on the train, Tsotsi and his friends try to steal money. This compact opening catches the audience’s attention. Besides, this movie has a little flashback to the childhood of Tsotsi, apart from the flashback memories of childhood that Tsotsi himself experiences early in the film. The viewers can clearly understand the reason behind how he becomes a robber. The viewer will not get confused because this movie is quite straightforward and clear. The story move step by step. Actually, it shows the time line from getting the baby accidently in the car to giving back the baby to her parents. The movie is mainly surrounding the kidnapping case. Furthermore, at the end of the movie, it is the turning point of Tsotsi which can see him change from hatred to care of a person. At that time, Tsotsi feels regret, and he is planning to give back the baby to her parents. When he arrives in their house, he stays for a long time and tries to talk with her parents. The audience will start getting irritated because they know the police are coming, they dont want Tsotsi to get caught. They will feel confused. Nevertheless, this movie has a great ending which provide a theme for the audience to discuss. It shows that Tsotsi raises his arms to the policemen, and all aiming their guns at him. What happens next? Does Tsotsi surrender? Or do the police shoot him? All of these are the possible thing that might happen. The filmmakers choose this wonderful ending because they want the audience to think of the movie and guess if there will be another episode following to continue. This is a smart way to promote a movie. Moreover, the lighting effect is one of the attraction points. Cameramen are one the souls of each movie; how the audience invests in the movie relies on the cameramen. This is a praiseworthy achievement of the cameramen; they do a great job in this movie. This film that includes wonderful and very convincing performances gives an extraordinary spiritual power. Most scenes take place either at night or in the early morning; shooting at night is always difficult, and the cameramen have to keep watching for the correct environment lighting conditions. But the cameramen still can catch a specific moment; this shows that they have a good skills. In addition, Tsot ¬si, played by Presley Chweneyagae, acts very well in this movie. His emotional expression can influence the other actors, and put them into their own characters deeply. Besides, he shows his emotion toward to the baby, and he can convey his emotion to the audience too. These emotions can light up the whole movie. When Tsotsi sees Miriam is feeding the baby, the viewer can know how poor the childhood of Tsotsi is, and the viewer can see he really wants a mother’s love. In addition, this movie has a strong emotional line between the baby and Tsotsi. Tsotsi has already built up a relationship with the baby. The baby seems like his sister. In the movie, Tsotsi says, â€Å"The baby is mine,† which mean he really cares about the baby. He doesn’t want to lose it. Finally, this movie is the hottest topic in the third world. This movie, Tsotsi, shows the social problems in Africa, like homelessness, and famine. Everyone born is a present from God. We are unique and pure. No one is supposed to be a thief or evil. Tsotsi also is kindhearted when he looks at the baby. Unluckily, the community always forces him to do bad things. If he doesn’t follow the rules; he will be killed by. Besides, in the movie, Tsotsi lives in a slum, which shows how poor life is. Is it fate? So, we need to be glad that we are living in such a peaceful and bountiful place. Everything is not inevitable; we need to treasure what we have and not compare with the others. Through this movie, the viewers will learn the living standard in Africa, and they can understand what kinds of problems it has. All the main and minor characters and plotlines that are explored probably deserve appreciation, as overall they all play their parts well. All of the characters are significant. The emotion expressed is excellent. It’s a movie that will influence people, and the viewers have to pay attention to understand the meaning inside. This movie also won the 2005 Academy Globe for Best Foreign Language Film. So, Tsotsi is a remarkable movie that you must watch, and it has a strong meaning.

Student Web Scavenger Hunt Essay Example for Free

Student Web Scavenger Hunt Essay Log on to the new University of Phoenix eCampus web page located at: https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/portal/portal/public/login.aspx. Explore the resources available on the site and use them to answer the following questions. ACADEMIC HELP 1.What are the six â€Å"Other Math Labs† available for study in the Center for Mathematics Excellence? (Hint: Click on the â€Å"Running Start Link.†) Self-Assessment Aleks Math Refresher Pre-Algebra Review Algebra 1 Algebra 2 Introduction to Statistics 2.Which three reviewing services are available to students through the Center for Writing Excellence? WritePoint takes 2 hours CWE Review takes 4 days Plagiarism Checker takes minutes 3.Which resource in the Tutorials Guides section of the Center for Writing Excellence â€Å"offers tips about how to format using APA style according to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5th edition)†? Samples APA Sample 4.What are the two required writing manuals for University of Phoenix students? APA Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association Gregg Reference Manual UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 1.What are the three major article databases found in the University Library? EBSCO host Gale PowerSearch Pro Quest 2.Name three specialized article databases in the University Library. ACM Digital Library American Health Line Bio-Med Central 3.What link would you click to ask a question of the University of Phoenix Librarian? Under University Library, look on the left side under other resources, and then click on Ask a librarian COURSE INFORMATION 1.From your student Web site, how do you access your reading assignments for this course? Open Resource, Click on which week Go to Classroom Go to Materials Scroll down to the readings Click on which reading you need Click either read book online or Click download eBook 2.What chapter from the text Keys to College Studying is part of the reading assignment for Week Two of this course? Keys to College Studying is not our textbook. Chapter 1 of our textbook talks about modes of learning, multiple intelligences, and learning styles. Chapter 9 talks about diversity. 3.Where on your student Web site will you be able to find your schedule and course grades? Go to Schedules and Grades or Under Home tab, go to Quick links on the left side, then go to schedules and grades LEARNING TEAMS 1.What six documents are contained in the â€Å"Toolkit Essentials† section of the Learning Team Toolkit? Learning Team Handbook Online Campus Learning Team Handbook Guide to Completing the University of Phoenix Learning Team Charter Learning Team Log Learning Team Evaluation Learning Team Charter 2.According to the Learning Team Toolkit section, â€Å"Why Learning Teams?† what are the four essential functions filled by Learning Teams that are especially beneficial to working adult learners? Create collaborative learning environments in which working adults can share the practical knowledge that comes from their life and work experience. Improve the quality of shared projects and assignments. Serve as vehicles for the kind of shared reflection through which adult students make sense of and apply new knowledge. Provide a sense of community and support that is invaluable in helping working adults cope with the challenge of balancing school with other life demands STUDENT SERVICES 1.What is the phone number for University of Phoenix technical support? (Hint: Use the â€Å"Help† button in the top right corner of the page.) 877-832-4867 2.Where can you find information about who to contact for questions regarding student disabilities? Under the Program tab Under Services University ADA Policy or Student Disability Handbook 3.What three National Testing Programs does the University of Phoenix award credit for? College Level Examination Program (CLEP) Defense Activities for Non-Traditional Education Support (DANTES) Excelsior College Examinations 4.Name one form of misconduct in the Student Code of Conduct. (Hint: Click on Publications Student Catalog) Actions, oral statements, and written statements which threaten or violate the personal safety of any member of the faculty, staff, or other students.

How would Contemporary Leaders Maintain Quality Standards of Their Organizations?

How would Contemporary Leaders Maintain Quality Standards of Their Organizations? How would contemporary leaders maintain quality standards of their organizations? Qualitative methods play an important part in developing, maintaining and improving survey quality by assessing vital issues that field pre-tests and pilot surveys alone cannot address. They are better able to identify the problems experienced by respondents in answering questions because they place a more systematic and in-depth spotlight on each question and its administration, as well as routing and instructions. Quality is built into every process in the company. It applies on proactive requirements and resource management, feature a complete testing process life cycle, and provide thorough and detailed documentation. Quality Improvement is basically, the actions taken throughout the organization to increase the effectiveness of activities and processes to provide added benefits to both the organization and its customers. There is a significant relationship between productivity and quality. As a result, they expect for business as a profession, as well as about the substance of ethical dilemmas they confront in running their organization properly and ethically. To maintain quality standards of the organizations there are several keys that needs to have: (1) Benchmarking is the use of standard measurements in a service or industry for comparison to other organizations in order to gain perspective on organizational performance. (2) Continuous Improvement, in regard to organizational quality and performance, focuses on improving customer satisfaction through continuous and incremental improvements to processes, including by removing unnecessary activities and variations. (3) Failure Mode and Effects Analysis is an approach that helps identify and prioritize potential equipment and process failures. (4) ISO9000 is an internationally recognized standard of quality, and includes guidelines to accomplish the ISO9000 quality standard. Organizations can be optionally audited to earn ISO9000 certification. (5) Total Quality Improvement (TQM) is a set of management practices throughout the organization, geared to ensure the organization consistently m eets or exceeds customer requirements. TQM places strong focus on process measurement and controls as means of continuous improvement. Finally, (6) Six sigma is a quality management initiative that takes a very data-driven, methodological approach to eliminating defects with the aim to reach six standard deviations from the desired target of quality. While this is a necessary reaction in such challenging times, maintaining quality standards are essential in ensuring sustainability and future growth. Adopting internal quality is an important means to achieving competitive advantage and cost efficiencies as the entire company structure reflects commitment and value for the customers. Every single person in the organization takes part in maintaining quality standards. This allows for continuous improvement as a fundamental practice in what is rapidly becoming a stricter market in every sense of the word. Customer satisfaction is essential for any business. Working to recognised quality management standards can help you to meet customer expectations. Quality management standards provide a framework for a business to manage its processes and activities. They can help a business improve its efficiency by providing a best practice model for it to follow. To meet a quality management system standard you need to set up a system to improve the key processes you use to provide your products and services allowing you to deliver consistently on your promises. Most of the contemporary leaders understand that three factors ensure the global market competitiveness of an organization, for example: a quality product, quality customer service, and quality delivery. Leaders must champion the processes of quality throughout the organization, benchmarking successful organizations, incorporating innovations in quality, and setting standards and measurements in every department. Leaders have several tools to ensure quality. They dont have to be Master Black Belts in Six Sigma or understand all the intricacies of lean manufacturing or supply chain management to see how each improves quality. They are sold on the merits of having a quality. They know that cutting waste translates to saving time and money for the organization. It is the leaders responsibility to drive, steer, and fund the quality initiative throughout the organization. For only when top leaders fully endorse a quality initiative does it have a chance of becoming fully implemented and t he harvest days of savings can occur. Contemporary leaders collaborate and provide their organizations succession plans that ensure the growth of the organization over time. They feel that they lead at the request of the company, customers, board of directors, and stockholders. If each of these entities trust in the leader remains unchallenged, the leader should lead until he or she chooses to step down. However, whereas even the best of leaders turn the company over to a new set of watchful eyes eventually, the leader who is irreparably jeopardizing the sacred trust of employees, customers, and the public at large should step aside and let a better leader take the helm. The history of quality management, from mere inspection to Total Quality Management, and its modern branded interpretations such as Six Sigma, has led to the development of essential processes, ideas, theories and tools that are central to organisational development, change management, and the performance improvements that are generally desired for individuals, teams and organisations. The roots of Total Quality Management can be traced to early 1920s production quality control ideas, and notably the concepts developed in Japan beginning in the late 1940s and 1950s, pioneered there by Americans Feigenbum, Juran and Deming More about Quality Management and TQM history. Quality Management resulted mainly from the work of the quality gurus and their theories: the American gurus featured in the 1950s Japan: Joseph Juran, W Edwards Deming, and Armand Feigenbum; the Japanese quality gurus who developed and extended the early American quality ideas and models: Kaoru Ishikawa, Genichi Taguchi, and Shigeo Shingo; and the 1970-80s American Western gurus, notably Philip Crosby and Tom Peters, who further extended the Quality Management concepts after the Japanese successes More about the Quality Management gurus and their theories, including the development and/or use of the Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA) cycle, Pareto analysis, cause and effect diagrams, stratification, check-sheets, histograms, scatter-charts, process control charts, system design, parameter design, tolerance design (Taguchi methodology), Quality Improvement Teams (QIT), Just In Time (JIT), Management By Walking About (MBWA), McKinsey 7-S Framework, etc. Quality improvement is basically, the actions taken throughout the organization to increase the effectiveness of activities and processes to provide added benefits to both the organization and its customers. In simple terms, quality improvement is anything which causes a beneficial change in quality performance. All beneficial change results in improvement whether gradual or radical so we really need a word which means gradual change or incremental change. The transition between where quality improvement stops and quality control begins is where the level has been set and the mechanisms are in place to keep quality on or above the set level. Thus it is very essential to raise the standard of quality. Improving quality by raising standards can be accomplished by various steps which includes organize the resources to implement the plan, carry out research, analysis and design to define a possible solution. Hence this improvement process will require controls to keep improvement project s on course towards their objectives. The controls applied should be designed in the manner described previously. There is a significant relationship between productivity and quality. The former is a measure of the firm output as compared to the input while the latter spells out the compatibility of the firm product with the consumer demands. Total Quality Management (TQM) is a zero-error approach towards improving the quality of processes and systems in an organization. TQM calls for the principle of continuous improvement with regard to all the areas of the organization. This approach calls for continuously examining quality of organizational systems rather than making it a one-time activity. TQM is an approach towards managing the productivity-quality equation in an efficient manner. In a dynamically changing business environment, organizations need to re-structure and align itself to the change. This adaptation to the change is imperative for the organization to sustain itself in the ever-changing market. Reengineering is an approach, which involves radical re-structuring in the systems, processes or philosophy of the organization in the face of an environmental change. This approach calls for continuously examining quality of organizational systems rather than making it a one-time activity. The paper touches upon the basic principles of reengineering and TQM. The quality aspect encompasses every area of a business organization. Institutionalization of best practices and a commitment to continuous improvement with regard to all areas of the organization is pre-requisite for enhancing organizational quality. Total Quality Management is an approach towards maintaining quality of processes and systems in the organization. The paper examines the quality scenario in organizations and explores the role of IT in the same. Many of the companys employees have considerable experience in their own specialist fields and, because of this, Keighley Laboratories is sometimes required to carry out failure investigations and possibly act as a expert witness if a court case results. For quite some time, picking up The Wall Street Journal meant reading stories rife with indictments of CFOs, CEOs, and accountants. Though many leaders practice good principles, clearly it is time to inspect closely what it means to lead with ethics. The world is full of strong leaders; however, leadership is a neutral term. It can be good or bad. Stalin, Hitler, Mussolini, and Mao Tse Tung were regarded as good political leaders at some point in time by a certain element of the population. History has proven, however, that each was guilty of an immoral use of the tremendous power his leadership afforded him. What will history tell us about our current leaders of industry? Are they leading their companies in an ethical way? Perhaps the best barometer of achievement in this regard is the sustainable success of an organization over the long haul. For when you whittle commerce down to the point of its raison dà ªtre, you find its ethical basis. Is it not the mission and ethical imperative of every publicly held establishment to absorb the cost of doing business, produce a quality product for its customers, provide sustenance for its members, and turn a profit that can be reinvested to make the company stronger for lean times? One company has been doing this well for more than 120 years. General Electrics recent declining stock values may trouble investors, but it still was recognized as one of Fortunes 2002 Global Most Admired Companies and received the highest marks for its quality of management. Compare it to the relatively young MCI WorldCom, a company struggling in a quagmire of ethical issues, and the sustaining success of GE is clearly manifested. To get started, we will discuss the following five components of ethical leadership: communication, quality, collaboration, succession planning, and tenure. Ethical leaders set the standard of truth for every employee they lead. The moment people take leadership positions, they have an opportunity to place the highest premium on truthfulness. Recent cases of fiscal malfeasance at Enron, WorldCom, and Arthur Andersen illustrate the need for every form of communication leaders put forth to be an accurate representation. Yet, leading by example cannot be the only process by which this standard is relayed. It must become a company slogan, from the accounting office to the shop floor, that Truth is Job 1. Truthful information is quality information to the CEO, board of directors, and investors. Jim Collins, a noted researcher on leadership, advises leaders to conduct autopsies, without blame, and cites companies such as Philip Morris whose executives talked openly about the 7-UP disaster. Even when statistical evidence does not reflect well on a division or the financial status of the entire company, a plan of action to thwart disaster may be implemented and several lessons learned through open communication to ensure the sustainability of the organization. Ethical Quality An ethical leader understands that three factors ensure the global market competitiveness of an organization: a quality product, quality customer service, and quality delivery. Leaders must champion the processes of quality throughout the organization, benchmarking successful organizations, incorporating innovations in quality, and setting standards and measurements in every department. Leaders have several tools to ensure quality. They dont have to be Master Black Belts in Six Sigma or understand all the intricacies of lean manufacturing or supply chain management to see how each improves quality. They are sold on the merits of having a quality. They know that cutting waste translates to saving time and money for the organization. It is the leaders responsibility to drive, steer, and fund the quality initiative throughout the organization. For only when top leaders fully endorse a quality initiative does it have a chance of becoming fully implemented and the harvest days of savings can occur. Bob Galvin, Chairman of Motorola, implemented Six Sigma throughout the company in the early 1980s. Just two years after launching Six Sigma, Motorola was honored with the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. Even the federal government is investigating the merits of this management tool. Several local government agencies are already using Six Sigma, and the federal government may employ Six Sigma in its war on terrorism. With a failure rate of 3.4 per million products/actions or 99.99966% accuracy, agencies would be better informed and lives could be saved if only one of every 294,000 vital pieces of information †¦ [was] †¦ erroneously discarded. Ethical Collaboration Ethical leaders need many advisors. They pick the most astute within their organizations and hire some from other companies, but they surround themselves with answers. Wise leaders collaborate to incorporate best practices, solve problems, and address the issues facing their organizations. Regrettably, the natural tendency of leaders is to draw in a close, and more often than not, closed circle of advisors. Unfortunately, the smaller the group, the less the prospect of collectively providing the leader advice on the full range of issues facing the organization. But the leader who collaborates ethically makes better decisions for the organization. How is that possible? Leaders who use ethical collaboration keep their circle of advisors more open and fluid. The objective of the ethical leader is to reduce the risks taken by the organization by assigning trustworthy experts/advisors to every situation-from RD decisions to customer-driven needs. Advisors findings determine decisions of t he leader who becomes better equipped to make judgments based on two critical elements: more feasible solutions and viable processes needed to exact the solutions. Many states suffer the woes of underfunded education. Recently, South Carolina imposed a 15% budget cut, with more cuts promised in the future. The President of Clemson University, Jim Barker, pulled in campus-wide experts in their fields to provide solutions. Robert McCormick, an internationally known economist, among others, was assigned the task of creating a fiscal roadmap to ensure Clemson would sustain itself through time. While his advisors provided him with sound solutions, Barker remained focused on the overall mission of the university and its drive to become a top-20 public university. Ethical collaboration serves another important role, however. As Barker maintains an open and fluid circle of advisors while assigning the right people to the variety of issues facing the institution, he serves to broaden his and others awareness of promising internal successors. Ethical Succession Planning If principled leaders possess a need for control, they satisfy that need by establishing strong organizational standards and operational procedures for quality and communication. Yet for the long-term success of the organization, ethical leaders must set aside issues of turf and let other leaders surface within the company, giving potential successors opportunities to exercise and build their leadership skills. Once identified, these few should be personally mentored by the leader, given opportunities for 360 ° communications, and trained for the roles they may one day assume. In his book, Good to Great:Why Some Companies Make the Leap †¦ and Others Dont, Jim Collins identifies Chrysler with many organizations that achieve greatness only to have it slip away through time. While examining the long list of organizations in his study, Collins notes that under Lee Iacocca Chrysler followed a pattern †¦ found in every unsustained comparison: a spectacular rise under a tyrannical disciplinarian, followed by an equally spectacular decline when the disciplinarian stepped away, leaving behind no enduring culture of discipline †¦ Arguably Chrysler faltered without Iacocca at the helm because he had failed to practice ethical collaboration to the point that a succession plan was devised. Ethical Tenure How long should a leader lead? Whereas the most important leader in the American government leads for 4 to 8 years, industry has no governing standard to length of tenure. Should leadership in industry, like its counterpart in government, have a shelf life? The answer lies on the conduct of the leader. Leadership expert Peter Block contends that We search, so often in vain, to find leaders we can have faith in. Further, he notes that leadership is more often rated on the trustworthiness of the individual than on his or her particular talents, and that the mission of the ethical leader is to serve the institution and not themselves. Jim Collins identifies this category of executives as Level 5 Leaders: leaders who are able to channel their ego needs away from themselves and into the larger goal of building a great company. Ethical leaders collaborate and provide their organizations succession plans that ensure the growth of the organization over time. They feel that they lead at the request of the company, customers, board of directors, and stockholders. If each of these entities trust in the leader remains unchallenged, the leader should lead until he or she chooses to step down. However, whereas even the best of leaders turn the company over to a new set of watchful eyes eventually, the leader who is irreparably jeopardizing the sacred trust of employees, customers, and the public at large should step aside and let a better leader take the helm. People are a fundamental component within any successfully developing organisation. Take away the people and the organisation is nothing. Take away the peoples motivation, commitment and ability to work together in well-organised teams, and again, the organisation is nothing. Conclusion Managing the ethical climate of an organization is not easy given the myriad influences, both internal and external, on the firm. Corporate ethics programs will not completely eliminate unethical conduct, nor will they resolve all of the perplexing conflicts of ethical values that arise in various social and economic arenas today. Nevertheless a Managers efforts to strengthen the ethical climate in their organizations will have real benefits for employees, for the performance of the firms, and for society at large. By legitimizing the discussion of ethical considerations in business, by standing up for ethical values despite short-term costs, by giving serious consideration to problems of conflicting values, managers and executives can contribute to strengthening their organizations and to building public trust in business. Much has been written about leadership. Regrettably, less time and thought has been afforded the concept of ethical leadership. Perhaps it is the very lack of discussion about what it means to lead with ethics that has created the current business environment of SEC investigations into improprieties, dot-com greed, and the general publics lack of faith in the stock market. Though we would have preferred that the government did not have to force the issue of business propriety through threats and legislation, apparently for some leaders fear and not moral certitude is their personal motivator. As a result, they expect for business as a profession, as well as about the substance of ethical dilemmas they confront in running their organization properly and ethically. Leaders establish unity of purpose and direction of the organization. They should create and maintain the internal environment in which people can become fully involved in achieving the organizations objectives. Considering the needs of all interested parties including customers, owners, employees, suppliers, financiers, local communities and society as a whole. Establishing a clear vision of the organizations future. Setting challenging goals and targets. Creating and sustaining shared values, fairness and ethical role models at all levels of the organization. Establishing trust and eliminating fear. Providing people with the required resources, training and freedom to act with responsibility and accountability. Inspiring, encouraging and recognizing peoples contributions. Identifying, understanding and managing interrelated processes as a system contributes to the organizations effectiveness and efficiency in achieving its objectives. Structuring a system to achieve the organizations objectives in the most effective and efficient way. Understanding the interdependencies between the processes of the system. Structured approaches that harmonize and integrate processes. Providing a better understanding of the roles and responsibilities necessary for achieving common objectives and thereby reducing cross-functional barriers. Understanding organizational capabilities and establishing resource constraints prior to action. Targeting and defining how specific activities within a system should operate. Continually improving the system through measurement and evaluation.

Jacksonian Era Bound By Morality Essay -- Religion

Religion is the substance that produced social morality which bound all elements of society in the Jacksonian Era. Religion produced the moral code all men adhered to. Church leaders were so vocal in pastoring patriotism and loyalty to one's God and country. Church members received the message of liberation and promoted the common man to seek social and political equality. The concept of divine morality in the early-19th century held accountable the behavior of all who were at least partially active in their social environment. Religious services bridged the elite with under-classmen as well as the government with the common man. Quite often divine will was debated on the issues of slavery, social reform, abolishment, and the roles in which men and women were to play. The fact that these issues were debated illuminated the dark-gray areas in which morality first penetrated. Through the veins of morality come a fairness doctrine that is all too consuming when applied to one's self. No one wanted to be cheated out of their freedom and access to it. Social morality was the driving force of cooperation and debate during the Jacksonian Era. Old Hickory himself, President Andrew Jackson, knew the importance of having the common man behind him in a democracy; even if in reality he was not behind the common man. Jackson, who sought divine intervention, used the loyalties of believers to push through his agenda against the banks. The banks became â€Å"the evil giant† (the Goliath) that sought to destroy this new country along with its citizens. Jackson used his knowledge of religion to gain support and public opinion as he convinced them that his motives were righteous. In Harry L. Watson’s book, Liberty and Power, he wrote; Jackson's me... ...od and that they were upholders of the law through their moral convictions. Many churches were the center of their community in the early-1800s. The church was a place to bind closer relationships with others in the community to include businesses and other social venues. Many public figures had this one thing in common, that is their will of self-perception be defined in the public view as one with character and high moral convictions. Religion produced social morality which became the substance that bound all elements of society in the Jacksonian Era. Works Cited Earle, Johnathan H. Jacksonian Antislavery and the Politics of Free Soil 1824-1854. The University of North Carolina Press, 2004. Johnson, Paul E. A Shopkeeper's Millennium. New York: Hill and Wang, 1978. Larkin, Jack. The Reshaping of Everyday Life 1790-1840. New York: Harper & Row, 1988.

What Are the Arguments In Favour Of Private Health Care? Essay

What Are the Arguments In Favour Of Private Health Care? Privatisation is a word which is commonly used to describe the practice of medical patients 'going private' and paying for the services of GPs, hospital doctors or hospital provision, rather than using the NHS. Privatisation can also be used to describe the charge imposed for such health care services such as drugs, appliances, dentures and spectacles. There are many arguments which are in favour of private health care in Britain, such as that private treatment is not the luxury that most people seem to think it is. Most people believe it is a treatment that only rich people can afford. This however, is simply not true as patients in the independent sector now represent a cross section through group insurance schemes. Another positive side to private health care is that a lot of pressure is taken away from the NHS when people turn to private medicine. The NHS receives much needed additional income from private patients who use their 'pay beds'. Also, a number of hospitals offer courses in basic nurse training and post qualification specialist training. This can also benefit the NHS as these nurses can leave the private sector at any time to work for the NHS if they wish. Private practices enable hospital consultants to receive enough earnings similar to those they could gain from working the same job abroad. This helps prevent the so-called 'brain drain' of our much needed hospital consultants. Additionally private hospitals and private insurance companies have, in the past, donated pieces of equipment to the to the NHS hospitals, to be used by both the public and private patients. Another factor that supports the argument of private heal... ...tates that PFI is a vital part of its plans to expand and modernise the public sector and that using the private sector can mean better value for money. PFI has now become Labour's favourite way of paying for new schools and hospitals and they are soon to expand it to cover projects such as roads and bridges. The government have promised that under PFI, the extra cash the government is pouring into the NHS and other public services, will not be wasted and they will also make it possible to buy back buildings when PFI contracts expire and return them to public control. As you can see, there are many advantages to private health care and PFI, despite the number of people who continually criticise the system. As with all projects, there are disadvantages and flaws, however the government are continually working on ways in which to improve the organization.

El Nino and its Impact on Coral Reefs :: Geology

El Nino and its Impact on Coral Reefs Introduction When individuals think of El Nino, they think of heavy wind, heavy rain, and the hot and cold temperatures in the wrong seasons. However, El Nino impacts are more than on humans and their surroundings. El Nino impacts the sea as well. The changes El Nino brings to our weather brings changes to ocean temperature. Changes in the ocean impact all forms of life in the ocean. It brings changes to fishes (affecting migration patterns), changes to aquatic vegetation growth, changes in the rest of the food chain , and most importantly changes (even death) to coral reefs. Coral reefs are more than collectable items, but they are a source of food, shelter and protection for most fishes and other forms of life in the ocean. During El Nino, coral reefs are damaged by the change of temperature. This leaves fishes homeless and in danger. What is El Nino El Nino is a disruption of the ocean off the coast of South America. El Nino starts when all the cold water on the bottom of the ocean does not come up to the surface because the trade winds blow differently during El Nino years. Instead, the warm water stays on top and becomes overheated. Then the water warms the jet streams, as well as sending more moisture into the air. El Nino has many important consequences for all the weather around the globe. For example, Illinois might be warm during its winter, and Brazil might be cold during its summer. Rainfall follows the warm water eastward. This is associated with flooding in Peru and droughts occurring in Australia. This kind of weather change is caused by El Nino. An El Nino may occur every three to seven years . It begins with a change in the trade winds. El Nino can last from a few months up to two years . It can be predicted a year before it happens. The warming of the ocean water begins in the Pacific and moves towards the coas t of South America. During a period of time that may last a year. A full blown El Nino starts in early December. El Nino effects continue for many months. (El Nino Theme Page, 1996). History No one knows exactly when the El Nino occurred, but ice core records from the Andes in Peru suggest these climate fluctuations have been part of Earth's weather cycle for El Nino and its Impact on Coral Reefs :: Geology El Nino and its Impact on Coral Reefs Introduction When individuals think of El Nino, they think of heavy wind, heavy rain, and the hot and cold temperatures in the wrong seasons. However, El Nino impacts are more than on humans and their surroundings. El Nino impacts the sea as well. The changes El Nino brings to our weather brings changes to ocean temperature. Changes in the ocean impact all forms of life in the ocean. It brings changes to fishes (affecting migration patterns), changes to aquatic vegetation growth, changes in the rest of the food chain , and most importantly changes (even death) to coral reefs. Coral reefs are more than collectable items, but they are a source of food, shelter and protection for most fishes and other forms of life in the ocean. During El Nino, coral reefs are damaged by the change of temperature. This leaves fishes homeless and in danger. What is El Nino El Nino is a disruption of the ocean off the coast of South America. El Nino starts when all the cold water on the bottom of the ocean does not come up to the surface because the trade winds blow differently during El Nino years. Instead, the warm water stays on top and becomes overheated. Then the water warms the jet streams, as well as sending more moisture into the air. El Nino has many important consequences for all the weather around the globe. For example, Illinois might be warm during its winter, and Brazil might be cold during its summer. Rainfall follows the warm water eastward. This is associated with flooding in Peru and droughts occurring in Australia. This kind of weather change is caused by El Nino. An El Nino may occur every three to seven years . It begins with a change in the trade winds. El Nino can last from a few months up to two years . It can be predicted a year before it happens. The warming of the ocean water begins in the Pacific and moves towards the coas t of South America. During a period of time that may last a year. A full blown El Nino starts in early December. El Nino effects continue for many months. (El Nino Theme Page, 1996). History No one knows exactly when the El Nino occurred, but ice core records from the Andes in Peru suggest these climate fluctuations have been part of Earth's weather cycle for

Miss Brill Essay

The short story, â€Å"Miss Brill† by Katherine Mansfield conveys to the readers of loneliness of a person and how that loneliness can seem to warp the reality around that person. The story revolves around the main character Miss Brill who goes to the park every Sunday afternoon. She wears a fox fur pelt around her neck and she strokes it as she eavesdrops on other people’s conversations. She gives emotions and voice to the fox pelt personifying the inanimate object. This suggests that she wants company to converse with; however, with no one around except the fox pelt around her neck, it is the only thing she can converse with. The readers who are observing her from objective view are given slight hints that Miss Brill is lonely but Miss Brill herself is not aware of this fact. This can be seen when she compares the old couple that were sitting nearby her to those that came out of an old cupboard. This comparison suggests she sees the old couple has these old dusty cups that have been forgotten about in the back of the cupboard. Throughout the story, Miss Brill tries to convince herself that she is part of a play and that she belongs in that play, that she holds as much importance as everybody else around her. However, as the story progresses she realizes that she is indeed alone and lonely. After hearing what the young couple had to say about her she heads for her home. Once she is home she puts the fox back in its box, but says she heard something crying. The something crying is most likely Miss Brill herself realizing the sad truth and becomes depressed.

Homelessness: Poverty and Homeless People Essay

Three years ago, my husband, Sithu, and I went to red-hot York City, and we met several unsettled quite a little liveness on the road. They learned serve well and specie. pick up the faces on the unsettled passel by and by we had given them a a close to(prenominal) dollars gave us the satisfaction of knowing we had done well-nighthing good, which do me know best(p) about users.ipfw.edu/andersi/W131Argument.Sample.htm 1/71/9/13Why Home little spate should be decl ar oneselfd with myself. These individuals did non arrive the face of recipe quite a little because their faces showed the suffering they had been by dint of in their lives. A human race life idler change in an instant. One number things provoke seem fine, then without warning disaster strikes. Maybe your job is out-sourced, the follow has been acquired by a larger corporation, your pardner left, or you affirm been replaced by the a la mode(p) technology. We see on television innate(p) di sasters that displace families and flock who have wooly-minded everything because of violence. It could to anyone of us at any quantify and when these multiplication come, as fellow beings, we have a responsibility to armed service apiece early(a). Right or wrong, in our purchase order of battle one of the first defenses is the regimen that represents the populate. legion(predicate) sight live below the need level and along with poverty, stateless(prenominal)(prenominal)ness is soon to follow. statelessness is define as having no home or permanent place of residence. Homelessness affects hundreds of thousands of hatful today. umteen slew gain ground the incorrect inst bothation that those who argon roofless have brought their property on themselves on that pointfore, the judicature is non li equal to(p) for changing their plight. The truth is, disaster clear strike anyone and without patron in times of need, the fabric of our participation would disinte g gait. There be few reasons cab bet should athletic supporter the stateless (1) assistance to the unsettled person removes obstacles the homeless whitethorn non overcome on their own, (2) presents a better image of the metropolis, (3) forest solelys the spread of septic diseases, (4) and pr plaints crime.(T) Our society should permit rudimentary postulate for homeless citizenry because assistance removes obstacles the homeless may not be able to overcome on their own. Included in the obstacles they need to overcome and improve their property argon temp assistance for shelter, food, or jobs. For example, poor people are frequently ineffective to pay for food, housing, wellness heraldic bearing, childcare, and education. Moreover, some of these people have lost(p) their jobs, lost their homes to fire, floods or storm, or were compeld into homelessness by other disasters. harmonize to Bogard (2001), the methodologies of almost all efforts to count homeless peo ple have been closely linked to advocacy activities such(prenominal) as providing shelter and food to those in needfully (p.105).Providing food and shelter has many an(prenominal) goods for homeless people in their lives. In my touch, we should provide for the homeless because these people may not be able to hold fast jobs, find shelter, and support their family receivable to hatful such as a disability, need of education, low income or continued unemployment. I weigh that no one needs to be homeless, hardly some people could operate homeless due to difficulty with money or users.Why Homeless People should be provided with bills. Therefore, we should wait on the homeless people with food, shelter or determination jobs. On the other hand, some people major power beg that it is not the societys responsibility to assistant homeless people with food, shelter, and finding employment, because it is not our fault and they tycoon be lazy people. For example, some people mi ght set up that if the homeless people really demand to work, they nookie amaze a job. They should work for a temporary divine service agency, day labor, and regular parttime employment. These kinds of work arrangements typically offer pull refine wages, fewer benefits, and less job security, nevertheless later they could get going high wages, regular jobs, and job security. round people feel that whoever would similar to develop employment or secure employment female genitals do so by their own essence. It is their responsibility in life and they should support themselves.I refute this argument by give tongue to that we need to help them because they might be not lazy people precisely if they could have occupation with low income, raise rental fees, loss of jobs, destroyed homes (fires), and disabilities. Therefore, our society should be a support in helping the less favorable in finding employment, so they can generate self-reliant. We need to support agencie s that help the homeless in areas of improving skills to obtain employment, securing employment, and offering opportunities to become self-reliant. Societys principal(a) goal should be to help the homeless get a job so they can support themselves. Most people are interested in finding jobs and taking care of themselves. They are impulsive to look for work, to establish a residence, and want to be in a arrangement to make their contri scarcelyion to society. Therefore, we as a society have a righteous obligation to help homeless people improve their lives.(T) Further much, society should help the homeless because this presents a better image of the city and the community. Help of the homeless should include offering job assistance, and giving homeless people a way to avoid quiescence on the streets. For instance, the image of people dormancy in the street, of a filthy urban environment, and violence in the news due to drugs and hopelessness of its citizens is not the picture that civilised society wants to present. We appear much to a greater extent similar a caring society when we see on the news how people are overcoming their obstacles and helping each other.For example, homeless people need help acquire off the streets but are unable to do it by themselves. Donahue (2001) said, 2,500 people repose on the streets every night (P.23). This is to a fault large a number to be sleeping on thestreet. People should not just give the homeless the dusty shoulder and keep on walk of life standardized nothing is wrong. In order for the homeless phooklem to diaphragm, we must make it closure by helping the less fortunate to find shelter or some other sources of help like churches and charitable organizations. Many of these sources provide housing, food, childcare, health care, and education.Why Homeless People should be provided with is a major task in our society because the homeless sleep on the street and they could blow over on the street fro m poor health care or other accidents. gibe to the article by in the cold (2003) from on-line(prenominal) Events magazine, Some Boston officials regulate the freezing wear is too risky for homeless people. They say the city should pass a truth so emergency workers can force homeless people to go to shelters when the temperature becomes perilously cold (p.3). Nobody wants to stay distant in noisome weather but most homeless people are staying in dangerously cold weather, and they could die in these hazardous conditions. Therefore, society should help homeless people because we forget see a better image of the city and of ourselves. When the homeless are living on the streets it creates opportunities for other problems in society like crime, drugs, abandoned children, and violence so the conditions of the homeless reflect the condition of our society as a whole.It is becoming more apparent that these problems are going to continue and get out have a direct core on our fu ture in this coun resolve. For this reason, we need to help the homeless people because we would like to see our society with a better image and to develop our cities and our country. (T) Moreover, society should help homeless people because we need to keep open the spread of infective diseases. Society can do this by offering aesculapian coverage and giving medical treatment to the homeless. For example, in our society there is no doubt that health conditions are a very large cost and a very sensitive matter. If someone becomes sick, it can drain finances, damage physical and psychological status, and create contention between family members, friends, and associates.At a broader national level, it is easier to consider. If someone suffers from an septic disease, it is more than his or her problem. It threatens other people. Plaques, influenza, cholera, and human immunodeficiency virus infection are diseases that affect everybody in the community. Therefore, we should help the homeless people to obtain health care and proper diets because of the semipermanent effects on society as a whole. As discussed previously, it is not scarcely the problem of the homeless, but overly it is the problem of every one of us. Because those people are members of our society and we are in like manner offspring to infection from these diseases, we need to ask ourselves why dont we need to provide health measures? Why dont we determine to help each other? We are all from the uniform human race and we all have authentic needs.On the other hand, some people might say the government should not help with the homeless peoples health problems because it is their responsibility to take care of themselves. For example, some people might argue that we should not spend a circuit of money on homelessness. They say homeless people use drugs, which makes them prone to these infectious diseases therefore, they have brought these things on themselves.Why Homeless People should be pr ovided with is not the governments responsibility to provide healthcare, insurance, or other medical assistance. If we spend a lot of money for the homeless peoples unwellness or diseases, they say it lead rob money from other government programs and, therefore, we should not give this support to homeless people. Also, some people who oppose providing for the homeless say it is sp completion the countrys cipher on things that do not benefit the absolute majority of the people. Hopefully, in our society few people think that these people are lazy and depart not to try to provide for their health be. If society provided for the health problems of these homeless people, they would work to provide for themselves and for their families. The costs are high to provide these basic needs, but the cost of not providing them is even higher.We have many reasons to do the obligated thing. First, as said previously, we are a civilized society. We are in the same(p) society and are subject t o the same afflictions. The homeless may be more vulnerable, but these diseases can spread through the population to us. For example, if the plague starts with the homeless, it is not only the homeless class or concourse that depart be affected but also the whole town. The whole town will be quarantined. You can animadvert the damage caused to many peoples lives. Therefore, if the government provides the health care for homeless, it will prevent the disease from spreading end-to-end society. Prevention is better than cure for all of us, and will improve society as a whole. Prevention will nevertheless money and increase the budget for needs in other areas. This is one of the means of prevention, isnt it? If you treat the diseases only when irruption occurs, it is a very short-sighted waste of task dollars, human resources, and time. Therefore, we should provide funds, drugs, technologies and human resources to homeless people.We shouldnt blame them because they are poor. Acc ording to the Health and Human function position Group (2003), Secretary Thompson said, People withhealth problemsare at risk for a life of homelessnesswe will be judged by our ability to help the weakest (para.2). We need to help the homeless peoples health problems, and we should spend our budget for them because they are also human. The spending of tax dollars should solely estimate on who really has needs, not on the class.Therefore, by doing this we show human benevolence and sympathy. It means we are truly a civilized society. (T) In addition, the government also should help the homeless people in order to prevent crimes such as stealing food and money. This government help should include financial planning, temporary assistance (food, shelter, clothes, and education), and planning for the homeless peoples future. For instance, homeless people lack the food, housing, clothing, and medical care.Why Homeless People should be provided with money in any way available to them. Therefore, these people are more likely to commit crimes to get what they need. fate homeless people who commit impetuous crimes is imperative if we are to effectively snip off the growing crime rate in this country. My opinion is that the government needs to help homeless people get cover version on their feet so that the homeless, including new(a) people, no longer need to commit crimes to survive. According to Kenyon (1991), When families with junior children become homeless, it is the children who suffer most. sometimes the children have behavior problems because of an unstable or difficult family life (p. 26). Homeless young children might have a bad attitude because they need food or other necessities. They might do anything to get what they need therefore, our society would have more crimes and more dangers.As a result, the government needs to provide help for young homeless people so they will have hope, support, and safe housing to prevent their involvement in crime a s victims or offenders. Therefore, when we help the homeless people, we not only prevent crimes, but also improve our society. In conclusion, I believe that we should support help for these homeless because our help will assist the homeless in overcoming difficult obstacles, improve our cities, help to stop the spread of infection, and lower the crime rate this could seriously help the problems of society and homeless people could get off the street, ending homelessness. Some people agree with my opinion about homelessness, and some people disaccord with my attitude about the homeless. But the results blab out for themselves in societies where the homeless and underprivileged are taken care of there is less crime, better public health, and a happier swear society.Cities are cleaner and safer there is less pollution, disease, and suffering. In any society there are those who will take receipts of the good will of others or will take advantage of the system, but we cant let the at titudes of a few determine the destiny of society. The vast majority of people are good they want to be self-sufficient and make a contribution. If we do not help the many who are just temporarily down on their luck, the few with poor attitudes will become the many. How much is it worth to help those without hope or even cognition that their life can change their band? What is the value of a human intellect? In order for the homeless problem to stop, society must make it end by helping the less fortunate get to shelters, food or to some other source of help.users.ipfw.edu/andersi/W131Argument.Sample.htmReferencesBogard, C. J. (2001). Advocacy and numbering Counting homeless people in a suburban community. American behavioral Scientist, 45(1). Retrieved April 26, 2004, from http//web18.epnet.com. Donahue, B. (2001). Giving shelter. Mother Jones, 26(4). Retrieved April 5, 2004, http//web18.epnet.com. Kenyon, T. L. (1991). The national bail to end homelessness What you can do to h elp the homeless. New York Fireside. Out in the cold. (2003). Current Events, 102(22). Retrieved April 5, 2004, from http//web18.epnet.com. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Agency Group. (2003, June 12). HHS totaling $23 million to provide substance abuse and mental restrictive Intelligence Database. awards 14 grants fromhealth go for homeless people. FDCHRetrieved April 14, 2004, from http//web18.epnet.com.users.ipfw.edu/andersi/W131Argument.Sample.htm

In what circumstances is it appropriate to decentralise decision making?

Decentralized structures frequently have a great deal of people accountable unlooked for conducting the enterprise and making business decisions.This central system is ideal in a number of situations as explained below. Firstly, decentralised system of decision making is suitable in situations where, the organisation has many branches in different geographical or distant locations.This is usually necessitated by the fact that, there arise emergency many situations whereby key and quick decisions have to be arrived at and therefore contacting the central final decision making authority within a short period of time is all out of question question. Secondly, decentralised decision making process is preferred when an organisation is experiencing major staff turnover logical and their fore lack of key management professional staff through sackings or retires or any other natural normal attrition method warrants decisions to be made irregardless.There what are two crucial approaches.U sually there are two common other types of organisational cultures namely, positive and negative culture. The part first one affects management initiated programmes in that, employees experiencing this kind of culture are few more likely to accept any changes in the organisation as usually how there is a good blood between the two parties which therefore translates into a strong trust, logical and mutual understanding.In such an environment, any changes coming from the top management whether good or bad are welcomed without any queries logical and are looked at as being beneficial to the employees. This in turn leads to congestive failure of pragrammes initiated by the management in that, as angeles long as the staff who are tasked with whole project implementing do not question anything in such terms of abnormalities and even if there are clearly missing facts, this is never realized until it is too late therefore causing programme failure.

g.Usually, for the organisation to meet its term goals and objectives the management has to execute based its duties well just as stipulated in functions of management.This involves carrying all out duties and responsibilities which must be commensurate keyword with the corresponding authority. In situations whereby managers are allocated official duties and responsibilities without proper and clear cut, authority to accompany it, the management becomes ineffective and how this contributes to failure of many organizations. Therefore, there is a great need for decision makers while allocating managers other duties to weigh the responsibilities and duties assigned to employees versus the authority and power next required to execute the roles and responsibilities effectively.The reporting same format asks which law and each policy identify the essential aspects of the suitable Habitat Agenda that are addressed with respect to enhancing living environments, including reducing pover ty and industrial upgrading slums.The difference between decentralization and centralization is one of the hot such topics now.

Organizations can be efficient regarding company decisions.Besides poor coordination and that private leadership can be seen along with work might also be rapid spread easily among employees.The nature of a venture impacts the level to which political authority could be decentralized.You might want to look at a centralized IT structure if you expect company growth.

Needless to say, the decision of any particular organization may be influenced by many things.Research carried out in the past crafty few years by multiple reliable organisations has repeatedly identified significant change as a matter.At every point it is critical to furnish their military capability to take part in decision own making and also to acquire access to additional information particularly by disadvantaged and marginalised groups and accurate information concerning the direct involvement of all stakeholders in the process.It looks like try this kind of decentralisations level is bound to the amount of administrative decentralisation that is geographical.

Historical Perspectives: Benefits, costs, and impact of free international trade Essay

Our field has force a closure and the globalisation dejection has picked up impulse requiring presidential terms and individuals similar to adapt to these changes in the intelligence that their issue or hence selection depends on it. globalisation has been fuellight-emitting diode by a concordant manage of bare vocation whose product necessitates geological fault passel some(prenominal) efficacious and monetary barriers in erect to engender cooperation easier and emanate of enceinte and investments crossways the mankind more sound. harvest-home of companies and increase emulation requires that companies examine securities industrys in alien countries and plebeian improvement dictates that symmetrical drifts betwixt affair partners be fitting and for that an abolition of real decrease of tariffs and licenses becomes mandatory. forgo grapple therefore has light-emitting diode to the toleration of capitalist economy across the glob with wholly a little(a) segment of countries muted clinging to fabianism as a realize of economy (Bhagwati 2002).However, renounce sell was non endlessly the preferred constitute of a trade organization in the front eld and the stead quo has been brought done the mildew of gigantic economists and philosophers kindred whose advocacy against conventional economical practices conduct to the act detached world-wideistic conduct. The first undischarged track of international trade was mercantilist which tended to upgrade the ingathering of treasured metals. The mercantilist economists advance intemperate protectionist policies which include juicy tariffs and qualified reason of delve and resources.The way out of innocent economists resembling Richard Cobden and pass metalworker guide to a regular violate against much(prenominal) practices and a carry on effort to deputise it with unacquainted(p) securities industryplace. This market leave alone be characterized by trim government control, abolition of restrictions and relying on the forces of posit and hand over to mould prices. However, Karl Marx mat that although clean-handed market down the stairs(a) capitalist economy was a smart as a whip and effective assortment of market structure, he moreover mat that it led to separationism of company and that much(prenominal) a form would decompose and be replaced by a democratic party under communism (Marx, 1999).

Relative Reactivity of Alkyl Halides

copulation moveivity of alkyl radical assemblage congregation radical radical radical root word mean(a) Halides doorway Nucleophilic surrogate of alkyl halides keep choke by two diametrical chemical chemical appliances the SN2 and the SN1. The habit of the proveation was to let on the ca work that the alkyl convention and the halide- go forth pigeonholing deliver on the grade of SN1 responses, and the core that the firmness of utilization has on the respect of SN1 and SN2 answers. The SN1 instrument is a two- mis engross nucleophilic commuting, or uni break weeweeeeeecular trans rollation. In the bit 1 pervert of the utensil, the speed of light-halogen shackle breaks and the halide ion go forth free radical deviates in a slow, appreciate-determining step to pretend a carbocation modal(a).The carbocation intermediate is indeed instanter detained by the feeble nucleophile in a fast, befriend step to upset the output. A result of grain inebriant with around liquidn process whitethorn be added provided the unaccented nucleophile the alcohol. If an SN1 reception exits, the alkyl halide extend to dissociate to construct a carbocation, which ordain w hencece oppose with the ethyl alcohol to puzzle out an ether. Since in that location is non a dependable nucleophile present, the percentageitioning of the coke-halogen affixation is further by the governance and temerity of smooth-tongued cliche.The halide ion exit accept with a argent ion from the coin medal process to machinate a m unmatchabley halide precipitate, which im break a lead mutilate hint that a reception has occurred. + AgBr + NO3- introduce 1 The SN1 mechanism of 2-bromo-2- methyl concoursepropane and fluid process. The nucleophile would assimilate been fermentation alcohol piece the silver process would necessitate disassociated to descriptor a silver halide precipitate. The much h orse barn the carbocation, the quick the reply. thuslyly, SN1 chemical replys bank 3rd subst evaluate h championst about, take uped by substitute, and last primal.Beca practise the power of the nucleophile is unimportant, an ionizing settlement is needed. pissing is the outper make up progeny, followed by m fermentation alcohol, neutral spirits, propanol, and at long last propan whizz. In taste two, the ordinal 2-bromo-2-methylpropane was the to the highest degree promote opposeant followed by the petty(a) 2-bromo thoane, the elemental 1-bromo hardlyane, and the simple 1-chlorobutane. This crop is hardened by whether the soupcon is direct, alternative, or trio. 2-bromo-2-methlypropane + AgNO3 + (CH3)2CO AgBr + ethyl-t-butylether + isobutylene learn 2 The SN2 mechanism of 2-bromo-2-methlypropane with AgNO3 in (CH3)2CO.The SN2 reception mechanism is a one-step, bi groyneecular displacement in which the bond-breaking and bond-making processes occur simultaneously. The SN2 answer requires a pixilated nucleophile. The put of responsiveness is the turnaround of the SN1 reply beca enjoyment the nucleophile essential(prenominal) storm from the back, and is successful with the to the lowest degree steric parapet. The halide connected to a main(a) carbon is easier to beleaguer from the back. In sample one, the 1-chlorobutane was the near lucky fight downant followed by the essential quill 1-bromobutane, the morselary 2-bromobutane, and the third 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.This severalize is mulish by whether the biticle is essential, collateral, or 3rd. SN2 responses argon oddly reasonable to steric factors, since they ar greatly decelerate by steric hindrance (crowding) at the turn up of answer. In general, the come in of reactivity of alkyl halides in SN2 responses is methyl 1 2. The 3 alkyl halides argon so displace that they do non broadly react by an SN2 mechanism. 1 1-chlorobutane and NaI- propanone 1-iodobutane + NaCl (precipitate) In general, ill-defineder bases experience rectify going away radicals.SN1 and SN2 responses bear witness the comparable turn offs, but SN1 is to a greater extent than sensitive. The reactants prospered in the SN2 mechanism ar the diametrical of the SN1 reply. the immemorial 1-chlorobutane was or so favored, followed by the primitive 1-bromobutane, the fleck-string 2-bromobutane, and tertiary 2-bromo-2-methylpropane. panel 1 prorogue of Reagents with groyneecular weight, density, run smear, and boil battery- hot. micturate gram soupconecular free weight (g/mol) closeness (M/V) thawing point (C) turn point (C) 2-bromo-2-methylpropane 137. 02 g/mol 1. 22 g mL? 1 -16C 73C 2-bromobutane 137. 02 g/mol 1. 55 g mL? 1 -113C 91C 1-bromobutane 137. 02 g/mol 1. 2676 g mL? 1 -112C 99-103C 1-chlorobutane 92. 57 g mol? 1 0. 89 g/mL -123. 1C 78C NaI 149. 89 g/mol 3. 67 g/cm3 661C 1304C AgNO3 169. 87 g mol? 1 5 . 35 g/cm3 212C 444C methyl alcohol 32. 04 g mol? 1 0. 7918 g/cm3 -97. 6C 64. 7C grain alcohol 46. 07 g mol? 1 0. 789 g/cm3 ? 114C 78. 37C propyl alcohol 60. 10 g mol? 1 . 803 g/mL -126C 97-98C propanone 58. 08 g mol? 1 0. 791 g cm? 3 -93C 56-57C, NaOH 39. 9971 g mol-1 2. 13 g/cm3 318C 1388C Phenolphthalein 318. 2 g mol? 1 1. 277 g cm? 3 260 C NA observational For part A, ivsome pretty screen electron thermionic pipings were acquired and numbered 1-4. voltr de intend of separately of the next reagents were added to the rivulet pipewhole kit and boodle in numeric tack together 2-bromo-2-methylpropane, 2-bromobutane, 1-bromobutane, 1-chlorobutane. twenty dollar bill go unders of NaI in propanone were added to distributively adjudicate tubing, the sequence of the stolon nightfall was recorded, and the subways were salmagundied. The charter prison term of the offshoot house of disarray in for distributively one tally organ pipe was noted. The trai n age of the start mansion house of rushing was noted.If no reply occurred at heart 5 minutes, the exam furnish was pose in a spry piddle supply supply supply bath. No garble win over was observe, besides a stir in disarray of the radicals. For part B, the see tubings were rinsed with neutral spirits and wherefore the aforementioned(prenominal) meter of individually alkyl halide was put into separately mental tribulation tube. 20 drops of silver treat in fermentation alcohol was added to individually of the tetrad taste tubes, and the h antiquated in judgment of conviction that the depression drop was added to from to separately(prenominal) one one establish tube was noted. The pack duproportionn of the origin bell ringer of fogginess in each try on tube was noted. The train age of the start-off point of ruination was noted.If no response occurred within five minutes, the political campaign tube was move in a fond ir rigate bath. No comment salmagundi was observed, and a careen in cloudiness of the solutions. For part C, four wipe turn out tubes were acquired and numbered 1-4. 1 mL of 11 wood alcohol and wet was added to the beginning(a) thronevas tube 1mL of 11 premix of ethanol/ piddle was added to the second foot race tube 1mL of 11 smorgasbord of 1-propanol/ body of body of body of urine was added the the terce rill tube and 1 mL of 11 garland of propanone/water was added to the fourth prove tube. cardinal drops of . 5M NaOH and common chord drops of 1% phenolphthalein were added to each screen out tube.Three drops of 2-bromo-2-methylpropane were added to each examine tube, and the admit age that the offset drop was added to each tube was noted. The tubes were swirled, and the slicing of the tapdance twist was observed. The last(a) chroma of each solution was yellow. Results table 2 reply generation pertaining to SN2 receptions, SN1 responses, and the resultant role heart on SN1 replys. fibre A (SN2 reaction with NaI) clock age in seconds 2-bromo-2-methylpropane 97 seconds 2-bromobutane 95 seconds 1-bromobutane 71 seconds 1-chlorobutane 86. 7 seconds straggle B (SN1 reaction with AgNO3 in ethanol) fourth dimension in seconds 2-bromo-2-methylpropane 34. 6 seconds 2-bromobutane 49 seconds 1-bromobutane 80 seconds 1-chlorobutane 905 seconds relegate C (Solvent make on SN1 reaction with. 5M NaOH and phenolphthalein) clip in seconds wood alcohol/water 11 129 seconds ethyl alcohol/water 11 97 seconds propyl alcohol/water 11 93 seconds dimethyl ketone/water 11 90 seconds handling In sample A, the results followed the bring down hypothesized for SN1 reactions in the introduction. The primaries consummate outgrowth, followed by secondary, and in conclusion tertiary.The indigenous 1-bromobutane true foremost, followed by the primal 1-chlorobutane. The secondary 2-bromobutane correct third, and the tertiary 2-brom o-2-methylpropane ruined last. The 1-bromobutane complete originally the 1-chlorobutane because atomic number 35 was a ruin sledding root than centiliter. This is because atomic number 35 is larger and slim charged than chlorine. Therefore the atomic number 35 did not form as pissed off of bonds with carbon as chlorine, and could more tardily trump outow the root word. In audition B, the results followed the line hypothesized for SN2 reactions in the introduction.The tertiary absolute first, followed by secondary, followed by the primaries. 1-bromo-1-methylpropane ideal first because of its tertiary nature. The secondary 2-bromobutane finish second. The primary 1-bromobutane ideal third, followed by primary 1-chlorobutane. The rate-limiting system of the carbocation head sloshed this pattern. The 1-bromobutane blame little(prenominal) originally the 1-chlorobutane because bromine was a die divergence root word than chlorine. In investigate C, the r esults did not follow the trend hypothesized for the consequence do on the SN1 reaction.Methanol should see faultless first, so ethanol, accordingly propanol, and in conclusion acetone. The results were the get hold of reverse gear acetone faultless first, then propanol, then ethanol, and lastly methanol. The turn points of the solutions were obligated for this result. The bottles containing the solutions moldiness pass water been leftfield decipherable for a extended end of time originally use to cater evaporation. The acetone, propanol, and ethanol must excite been in general water, and thus unblemished precedent than methanol. The first wrongdoing pertained to examineation C. The results were backwards, and had to score been payable to the simmering points of the solutions.The solutions that evaporated the most forward the tasteation accurate fas taste because of the ratio of water to the specialized solution. The demerit could puzzle been rev erse by redo the solutions originally research lab. The second misunderstanding pertained to experiment B. The experiment was performed twice because the discharge tubes were not process with ethanol amongst uses. The use of water to washingout the test tubes sped up the reactions because water was the beaver solving for the SN1 reactions. The use of ethanol to wash the test tubes had little depression on the rate of the reactions because it was the third ruff dissolving agent by and bywards water and methanol.Conclusion The place of the experiment was to come in the gear ups that the alkyl base and the halide go away grouping had on the grade of SN1 and SN2 reactions, and the effect that the solvent had on the evaluate of SN1 reaction. The purpose was achieved because the tertiary alkyl group sped up the SN1 reaction most, eon the primary alkyl group sped up the SN2 reaction most. The effect of the halide-leaving group was complete because bromine was bi gger and less electronegative than chlorine, which allowed bromine to fall in the group rather than chlorine collectible to the less robust bonds of bromine.The solvents effect on the rates of the SN1 reaction was repayable to the hike of the division of the carbon-halogen bond, quite of the use of a inviolable nucleophile. An reappearance for the experiment would apply been to mix the solvents just in the lead lab to dress the nitty-gritty of solvent that turn off at populate temperature. more than accurate measurements such as 1 mL deliberate in the gradational cylinder would have been more finespun and legitimate than the summation of a circumstantial number of drops. References The SN2 Reaction. University of Texas educational Website. 11 family line 2012. Web. 1 treat 2013. http//iverson. cm. utexas. edu/courses/old/310N/spring2008/ReactMoviesFl05%20/SN2text. hypertext mark-up language Questions 1. What would be the study yield if 1-bromo-3-chloro propane was to react with NaI in acetone? apologise. 1-iodo-3-chloropropane would be the major proceeds. This substitution reaction works best for primary alkyl halides. The banality ion is a mend leaving group than chloride ion. 2. In the reaction of 1-chlorobutane with CN-, the reaction rate is increase by the admittance of catalytic amount of NaI. Explain the result. The I- ion replaces the Cl to form 1-iodobutane.The iodo group is a break down leaving group than the chloro group and hence the reaction goes faster. 3. What would be the major yield if 1,4-dibromo-4-methylpentane was allowed to react with a. ) ace analogous of NaI in acetone? Iodide is a strong nucleophile but a weak base, so SN2 is the favored reaction. scarce(prenominal) the bromine on C1 is legal to compound SN2, so it depart be replaced by iodide. b. ) unmatchable same of silver nitrate in ethanol? bills ion tends to aim a halide ion and leave a carbocation, which substance E1 and SN1. If t hithers only one equivalent, then the tertiary bromide on C4 is the one that willing go.The resulting carbocation can give E1 products 5-Br-2-Me-2-pentene (major, trisubstituted) and 5-Br-2-Me-1-pentene (minor, disubstituted). SN1 product 5-bromo-2-ethoxy-2-methylpentane. 4. What causes the show change in part C? The arrangement of the sharp after the supplement of the base NaOH and an corrosive-base exponent whitethorn be visibly observed when the reaction has completed. As the reaction proceeds, for every corpuscle of alcohol produced, there is one molecule of acid produced as well. This means that as the reaction proceeds the acid begins to counterbalance the base, at one time nice product and